Yeast Artificial Chromosome Vector

By inserting large fragments of dna from 1001000 kb the inserted sequences can be cloned and physically mapped using a process called chromosome walking. This is the process that was initially used for the human genome project however due to stability issues yacs were abandoned for the use of bacterial. Yeast cells contain a number of chromosomes.
yeast artificial chromosome vector yeast artificial chromosome vector ppt

Organized collections of deoxyribonucleic acid dna.

Yeast artificial chromosome vector. A vector containing foreign dna is known as recombinant dna and it should have the capability of replicating and expressing it within the host organism. Yacs are often used in connection with the mapping and sequencing of genomes. Among the mega cloning vectors the yeast artificial chromosomes yacs are the oldest. Their greatest advantage is that they allow the cloning of extremely long dna fragments ie length of several hundred kilobases to more than 1 mb producing the largest clones achieved so far.

Segments of an organisms dna up to one million base pairs in length can be inserted into yacs. The yac is constructed using specific regions of the yeast chromosome. The reason the cloning vector is called a yeast artificial chromosome has to do with the structure of the vector. Yeast artificial chromosome yac and bacterial artificial chromosome bac are two types of vectors involved in cloning.

Yeast artificial chromosome yac is a human engineered dna molecule used to clone dna sequences in yeast cells. Yacs or yeast artificial chromosomes are shuttle vectors a shuttle vector is one that is able to replicate in other than one host organisms or 2 dissimilar cell types that is a prokaryotic and a eukaryotic cell that have the ability to amplify in bacteria and can be utilized for the manipulation and cloning of huge dna inserts in saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast. A yeast artificial chromosome cloning vector consists of two copies of a yeast telomeric sequence telomeres are the sequences at the ends of chromosomes a yeast centromere a yeast ars an autonomously replicating sequence where dna replication begins and appropriate selectable markers. Yeast artificial chromosomes are genetically engineered chromosomes derived from the dna of the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae which is then ligated into a bacterial plasmid.

Yeast artificial chromosomes yacs are shuttle vectors that can be amplified in bacteria and employed for the cloning and manipulation of large deoxyribonucleic acid dna inserts up to 3 mb. Working principle of yeast artificial chromosomes.